• Please select the most appropriate span of time for each of the following [4pts in total]:
    • The Bayh-Dole Act was passed, which gave rise to university technology transfer offices; the GNU Project and Free Software Foundation were founded; the US acceded to the international Berne Convention on copyrights; software was explicitly covered by US federal copyright law [ 1 pt]

      c) 1980s

    • Creative Commons was founded. [1 pt]

      e) 2000s

    • UNIX was published, Michael Hart started digitizing texts for what became Project Gutenburg, and Bill Gates wrote his “Open Letter to Hobbyists”. [1 pt]

      b) 1970s

    • Linus Torvalds started writing the Linux kernel, the Digital Millenium Copyright Act was passed. [1 pt]

      d) 1990s

  • Several elements are combined in different ways to form the various Creative Commons licenses.
    • NC C
    • SA A
    • ND D
    • BY B
      • A) You must convey the same rights “downstream” that were conveyed to you by “upstream”.
      • B) You must attribute the contributions of the original or upstream creators of the work.
      • C) You may not use the work for commercial purposes.
      • D) You may not make changes to the work.
  • The presence of which license elements make a license “non-free” in the eyes of the FSF? (give the letters, 1 pt each)

    ND, NC

  • Which license element is a copyleft? (give the letter, 1 pt)

    SA

  • Name two projects which distribute a body of non-software, free culture data, and briefly name or describe the kind of data. (1 pt XC each)
    • Wikimedia: distributes educational content (everything from Wikipedia to Wikibooks).
    • Freesound: Creative Commons licensed music and audio.
  • We discussed several concepts involving rights, restrictions, and licensing. Match the capital letter of the term on the left with lower-case letter of the most appropriate description on the right. (2 pts each)
    • trademark B
    • copyright C
    • patent A
    • trademark F
    • copyright D
    • patent E
      • a) 20 year term
      • b) lasts as long as used & defended
      • c) life of the author plus 70 years
      • d) arises as soon as a work takes tangible form
      • e) precedence is given to the first to file an application
      • f) protects consumers from confusing one product with another